We take it for granted in modern society that having leaders is a necessity. Yet hunter-gatherers, those probably living most like how humans did as we evolved, do not have leaders and dislike anyone trying to do so.
People assume that leaders are a natural outcome of a dominance hierarchy, but we show that possibly it's because one person in charge of 'policing' others is as effective as allowing everyone to do it, like hunter-gatherers, but has the advantage that one person is clearly responsible.
Policing of each other is necessary to prevent a 'tragedy of the commons'.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Proceedings B is the Royal Society's flagship biological research journal, dedicated to the rapid publication and broad dissemination of high-quality research papers, reviews and comment and reply papers. The scope of journal is diverse and is especially strong in organismal biology.
publishing.royalsociety/proceedingsb
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